WHAT IS E- GOVERNMENT?

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Kontributor:

Febry Pamungkas

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WHAT IS E- GOVERNMENT ?

E- government is the use of information technology by the government to provide information and services for its citizens, business affairs and other matters relating to governance, e- government can be applied to legislative, judicial, or public administration to improve internal efficiency, deliver public services, or democratic governance processes.

The characteristics of E- Government

Based on the definition of the World Bank, e- government is the Government's use of IT that makes it possible to transform relationships with society, businesses and interested parties (Windraty, 2005). In summary, the purpose of e- government is to create online customers.

The use of IT can make it easier for people to access information to improve transparency and accountability in government agencies. E- government can also expand the public paritipation in which the public may be actively involved in the Government's policy making. E- government is an IT system developed by the Government in providing choice to the public, to be able to get easy access to information and government services. In addition, e- government, is a form of IT utilization to support the activities of Local Government in the internal activities as well as within the local government and public service activities.

Transparency is an important element for e- government development because it reflects the values ​​of honesty, truth and justice that are the responsibility of the state apparatus. Utilization of e- government aims to support the realization of good governance. In addition, e- government is expected to support the improvement of productivity and efficiency in government institutions and increase economic growth.

The types of E- government

There are several types of e- government implemented by the government:

1. Government to Government (G2G)
   Government to Government (G2G) is a government Web created with purpose to satisfy various of information required between one government and another government, with the purpose to facilitate cooperation between the government concerned.
   Examples of G2G: administrative relationships between local government offices with the general consulate to assist in the provision of data and information, the development of intelligence database systems, and to run information systems in the field of intellectual property rights, etc.
   
   
2. Government to Citizen (G2C)
   Government to Citizen (G2C) is an information technology that aims to improve the interaction between government and society and also to facilitate the public in finding information about government.
   Examples of G2C: online taxes, job search, social security services, immigration services, health services, etc
   
   
3. Government to Employees (G2E)
   Government to Employees (G2E) is a type of relationship intended for government employees or civil servants to improve performance and also for the welfare of employees working in government institutions.
   Examples of G2E: Government employee career development system, Integrated application for managing various welfare benefits, Health insurance system and education for government employees, etc.
   
   
4. Government to Business (G2B)
   Government to Business (G2B) is a type of government relationship with business because it very needed good relationship, between government and business. The purpose of Government to Business (G2B) is to simplify the business matters of society among businessmen.
   Examples of G2B: Corporate Taxes, Business Opportunity, Company Registration, as well as government regulations related to business / Business Law, Government owned auctions and sales, trademark patents, etc.
   
   

   

A. The purpose of e- government

The purpose of the development of E- government is the establishment of networks and transactions of public services that are not limited by time and location, and at an affordable cost to society. In general, e- government implementation has the following objectives:

1. Building information networks to support public services with satisfactory quality, accessible to the wider community, and at an affordable cost.
   
   
2. Encouraging cooperation between intergovernmental and private institutions interactively to improve the national economy.
   
   
3. Establish mechanisms and channels of communication between government agencies and the public
   
   
4. Establish a good management system and work processes, transparent and efficient among government agencies.
   
   
5. Reducing time, money, and other resources, both on the part of the government and the parties involved by shortening the service delivery process.

The stage of E- government

The E- government stage according to Presidential Instruction No. 3 of 2003 on national development policies and strategies, that the implementation of E- government can be implemented through the following levels:

1. The level of preparation that includes:
1. Creation of information sites in each institution.
   
   
2. Human Resources Preparation.
   
   
3. Preparing easy access facilities such as providing facilities Multipurpose Communtiy Center, internet, etc.
   
   
4. Socialization of information sites for both internal and public.
2. The level of maturation that includes:
1. Making an interactive public information site.
2. Making inter-linkages between other institutions.
3. The level of consolidation that includes:
1. Creation of public service transaction sites.
2. Making applications and data with other agencies.
4. Level of utilization which includes:
1. Making applications for G2G (Government To Government) services, G2B (Government To Business) and G2C (Government To Citizen) integrated.

The advantages of E- Government

The following advantages of e- government are:

1. Better service to the society. Information can be provided 24 hours without having to wait for office work.
   
   
2. Information can be searched from the office, home, without having to physically come to the government office.
   
   
3. Improving the relationship between understanding, business, and the general public. The existence of transparency then expected the relationship between the various parties to be better. This openness eliminates mutual suspicion and resentment from all parties.
   
   
4. Community empowerment through easily accessible information. With complete information, people will learn to be able to make choices. For example, data about schools, number of classes, student capacity, passing grade, etc., can be displayed online and used by parents to choose the right school for their children.
   
   
5. More efficient implementation of government. For example, government coordination can be done through e-mail or government websites.
   
   
6. Information and Communication Tenology developed in government makes the community easier to access government policy so that the program launched by the government can run well.
   
   
7. E- government also can support more efficient government management, and can improve communication between government and business and industry sectors.
   
   
8. The public can provide input on policies that are bred by the government so can to improve the performance of the government. The information presented is very complete and up to date.
   
   
9. This website covers many aspects such as law, religion, social and culture, business and business area, education, etc.
   
   
10. All are open between government and society.

The disadvantages of E- Government

The following disadvantages of e- government are:

1. The main disadvantage of e- government is the lack of equity in public access to reliability, internet information on the web, and hidden agendas of government groups that can influence public opinion.
   
   
2. The more free the people access government sites that will open opportunities for cyber crime that can damage the IT system in e- government.
   
   
3. Reduced interaction or communication between government admin and society, because e- government is made to interact between government, society, and other interested parties.
   
   
4. The services provided by the government are not yet supported by the effective management system and work processes because the readiness of regulations, procedures and the limitedness of human resources severely limits the penetration of computerization in government systems.
   
   
5. The strategy is not well established and does not fulfill the budget allocated for e- government development
   
   
6. The initiative is an agency's own efforts, thereby a number of factors such as standardization, information security, authentication, and basic alliances that enable safe, trustworthy, and reliable interoperabiltias amongst stius.
   
   
7. Gap ability of the community to access the Internet network.